What does the term vertebrate mean?

The term "vertebrate" refers specifically to animals that possess a backbone or spinal column. Vertebrates are part of the subphylum Vertebrata within the phylum Chordata and include a variety of animals such as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. These animals are characterized by their complex skeletal structures, which provide support and protect the nervous system.

The other options do not accurately describe vertebrates. Animals with wings could include both vertebrates, such as birds, and invertebrates, such as insects. The term does not strictly relate to locomotion or stance, meaning walking upright is not a defining characteristic of all vertebrates, as many vertebrates do not walk upright. Additionally, while some vertebrates have feathers (like birds), others, such as mammals or reptiles, do not. Thus, the correct understanding of "vertebrate" is tied to the presence of a jointed backbone.